Portail B2B – Connecting-Network

Archive for February, 2011

What is a Computer Network?
A computer network may be defined as the coordination or interconnection of a number of individual computers. A computer network is basically established by the network layer in the Open Systems Infrastructure model, popularly known as the OSI model.

Classifications
Computer networks can be classified by means of a lot of types like the network size, structure, mode of connectivity, topology and others. Some of them are,

Network Size
Considering the size of the implemented network, Computer networks are classified into 3 main divisions namely Local Area Network (LAN), Wide Area Network (WAN) and Metropolitan Area Network (MAN). In certain fields, they are also further classified into Personal Area Network (PAN), Campus Area Network (CAN) and Global Area Network (GAN).

LAN: – A network of computers which cover only a small area like an office or a building can be referred to as a Local Area Network. All the individual computers must have a common protocol layer for their connectivity with the basic functionality taking place at the network layer. In general, LANs are based on Ethernet technology.

WAN: – Wide Area Network is basically an extension of the Local Area Network except for the fact that the size of the network extends to a very large area. The major functionality of the WAN networks take place at the 3 lower layers of the OSI model namely network layer, data link layer and the physical layer.

MAN: – Metropolitan Area network is a combination of two or more individual Local Area Networks but with a small criterion of the boundary of the network not exceeding the city limits, thus integrating the network as a single unit within a city.

PAN: – Personal network is the smallest of all networks with most of the networks not exceeding a total size of 25 feet.

CAN: – This is similar to a wide area network but the size of the network is limited to a certain social limit, for example the network in an university where the total network is formed by the collaboration of more than one Local Area Network.

GAN: – Global Area Networks are large scale WANs and are implemented globally. The total network consists of a large number of sub-networks with most of the connectivity between the networks is done using wireless networks.

Structure Of The Network
Considering the structure and relationship between the elements of a computer network, the network may be classified into 3 divisions namely Client-Server model, Peer to Peer model and Active Networking model. Each of the classifications has a separate and unique structure which differentiates them in connectivity and working mode.

Mode of Connectivity
By means of the connection mechanisms, computer networks are divided into wired networks and wireless networks. The wired networks are further divided into some sub-divisions like Optical Fiber and Ethernet networks.

Topology
In general, a computer network is technically classified based on the topology of the total network which includes the structure of the networks too. They are divided into Bus networks, Ring network, Star network, Mesh network, Star-bus network, Tree network.

Hardware Requirements for a Network Set-Up
Other than the computers required for a network establishment, the requirement arises for other hardware components too. Some of them are,

Routers
Routers simply function as an intermediary device which forwards the data packets that it receives, to the next available or neighboring router or a terminal.

Switches
Switches are the virtual controllers of routers and bridges. These are operated from each of the individual layers of the OSI layer. Certain cases where the devices operate on multiple layers are called multilayer switch.

Bridges
Technically, a bridge acts a connector between the data link layer and the network layer. The three types of bridges are Local Bridges, Remote Bridges and Wireless bridges.

Network Cards
Network cards are the most important hardware component of a computer network. The most important functionality of the layer is to enable communication between the computers in a network.

The computer mouse is a very essential part of the computer, as it helps the user in almost all functions that are required to be performed on the system. If you use it for a substantial period of time, you may have to deal with some computer mouse problems. In case you are experiencing common computer mouse problems, many people would suggest to just throw away the old mouse and get a new one from the store.

Since, the cost of buying a mouse is not too much, you may not even think of trying to troubleshoot the issues. However, commonly faced computer mouse problems can always be troubleshot instead of purchasing a new mouse. It should not happen that you get a new mouse, only to find out that dust was causing the problem in the old mouse. Let us know more on troubleshooting computer mouse problems.

Troubleshooting Computer Mouse Problems

If the mouse is not at all working, you first need to check the obvious causes for the problem. Locate the back of the CPU cabinet where the mouse is connected and check, if it is properly connected into the USB port or the PS/2 connector. You can even try to unplug the mouse and connect it back again to see whether it works. If you are using a USB mouse, you can check it by connecting to another USB port on the back of the CPU cabinet.

If the pointer of a ball mouse is not working in a smooth manner or hanging up at one place on the computer monitor; remove the base of the mouse, take the ball out, clean the dust and debris from the ball and also from the rollers, put the ball back again, and check, if the mouse works. If you are using an optical mouse, you are required to clean the optical eye located on the base of the device.

If the mouse is not working as it normally should, one of the causes can be a computer virus attack. A computer virus can also make the mouse to act in a disturbed manner. If this is the case, then you would require an antivirus software to detect the virus and delete it.

If all these troubleshooting steps do not seem to work, you need to pay attention to the device drivers. You can do a system restore, for fixing the device driver problem, or reinstall the mouse drivers altogether. Other problems like the pointer being too slow or fast and double-click not working can be resolved from the mouse settings in the control panel.

Troubleshooting Wireless Computer Mouse Problems

If you are using a wireless mouse, main mouse problems can be related to the signal or the batteries dying out. In case a wireless mouse does not work, you need to check, if the receiver is properly connected with the PS/2 or USB port. If you are certain that the receiver is properly connected, you should then examine the batteries which might be low. Change the batteries and then see whether the mouse functions as expected. There can be times when the blue-tooth mouse gets disconnected from the computer after a considerable time of inactivity. In such a situation, you need to synchronize the connection with the PC again.

This is a simple explanation on the most common desktop and laptop computer mouse problems and troubleshooting them. If none of these steps seem to work, then probably you are out of luck, and need to get a new mouse. On the contrary to technical troubleshooting of this device when it comes to human health, those thinking about computer mouse health problems or computer mouse hand problems due to significant use of the mouse should know that there can be many issues; such as pain in the fingers, bones, elbow, shoulder, and even the neck.

Computers have made our lives so much easier. From setting alarms, to organizing schedule sot being the store house of large amounts of data, they have become a tool that we cannot do without on many occasions. Computer memory refers to devices for storing programs or to store data. This information is stored on the computer temporarily or permanently for later use in a digital format. Computer memory runs on binary code. all of the information is processed and worked on by the computer through the use of two digits which are 0 and 1. Computer memory right now is composed of silicon transistors running through integrated circuits. There are two basic types in computer memory- volatile and non volatile. Volatile memory is that which needs power to keep the information stored. Currently we use Static Ram or Dynamic Ram in computers for volatile memory. There is also the non-volatile memory in computers. This includes a lot of different magnetic storage devices such as CDs hard drives, USB Drives, Read Only Memory (ROM), flash memory and more in computer memory. It is not possible for the computer memory to access the hard drive each time it needs information, this would slow it down quite a bit. On occasion the computer also accesses information from what is called a cache, for temporary storage and retrieves information regarding what is to be down form what is called a register. When you turn the computer on a large number of operations are taking place in the different memory areas of the computer. Firstly it loads itself from the ROM or read only memory and performs various quick checks to ensure all is in order for the system to be up and running. Next it checks information about basic storage devices, plug and play, boot sequences and such from the Basic Input/output system or BIOS from ROM. The next step is where the RAM comes into play where the basic operating system is loaded. When you open any application as your system is done starting up it is initially opened in RAM. When you hit the save button following completion of the task, it is stored into the specific location and all data is purged from RAM. Computer memory works through an interconnected process between RAM and ROM with the CPU or Central Processing Unit as the mediator. The first stage of storage is the hard disk, which is called virtual memory. It is one that provides large amounts of space and is also cheap. In many cases, you may find that eventually with use, you need to extend the memory of your computer. You can of course use external hard disks or custom uSB drives to siphon off pertinent data but people tend to buy memory and have it added on to their laptops or desktops to make it function faster and more efficiently. Based on how fast your RAM is your computer performs better, the read/write function on RAM varies and comes in different forms like DRAM, SDRAM, RAMBUS and so on. Computers are complex devices functioning at a very simple level. Use yours with care!
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Every school and college around the country has a computer lab, and there are certain computer lab safety rules that need to be followed when this lab is being used. There are a lot of machines and equipments kept in these labs and it is absolutely necessary to ensure that no one carries out some actions that could potentially damage the equipment inside.

Most labs have their safety signs put up on a large and visible sign board on the wall, so that everyone knows about all the rules that need to be followed. Adhering to these rules and guidelines is vitally important, and here you will find some of the most commonly found computer lab safety rules. Chemistry lab safety rules are similar in nature to these rules, with a few minor differences.

Common Computer Lab Safety Rules

Most of these rules are quite general in nature, and they are applicable to a computer lab anywhere in the country. Lab safety rules are devised with the common good of everyone in mind, so it is advisable to follow these rules as often as possible.

Computer Lab Safety Rules for Protecting Yourself
Do not run inside the computer lab.
Take a note of all the exits in the room, and also take note of the location of fire extinguishers in the room for the sake of fire safety.
Keep bags and coats in the designated area, as they can cause people to trip if they are simply lying around the room.
Try not to type continuously for extremely long periods.
Look away from the screen once in a while to give your eyes a rest.
Do not touch any exposed wires or sockets.
Avoid making loud noises and speaking loudly.
Do not attempt to open any machines, and do not touch the backs of machines when they are switched on.
Do not spill water or any other liquid on the machine, in order to maintain electrical safety.
These computer lab safety rules for kids and adults are very useful, and even though they may not sound important at first, it is crucial to follow them. There is a lot of equipment in computer labs that could short circuit itself or cause electric shocks, so one needs to be very careful and follow these lab safety rules for middle school.

Computer Lab Safety Rules for Protecting Equipment
Do not bring any food or drinks near the machine.
Turn off the machine you were using, when you are done using it.
Do not plug in external devices without scanning them for computer viruses.
Ensure that the temperature in the room stays cool, since there are a lot of machines inside a lab, and these can overheat easily. This is one of the many ways of ensuring computer safety.
Try not to touch any of the circuit boards and power sockets when something is connected to them and switched on.
Always maintain an extra copy of all your important data.
Dust can affect computers adversely. Ensure that the machines are cleaned on a regular basis.
Needless to say, the laboratory equipment that is present inside a computer lab is very expensive, and it is your responsibility to ensure that this equipment is kept safe and sound. If some damage is incurred by this equipment, the cost of repairing or replacing it will be very high indeed. Hence, the importance of following these Lab safety rules for high school cannot be stressed enough.

With this information on computer lab safety rules in mind, you will know the etiquettes to be followed inside any computer lab. With the right precautions and safety measures, everyone can have a good experience inside the lab, and the equipment can also stay safe from damage.

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Computers have occupied such an important part of our lives today. People look up to them for fulfilling each one of their needs. It is true that certain problems can however make it tough for people to use computers beneficially. One of them is the frequent tendency of computer freezing up. The reason why frequently computer keeps freezing is that the computer overheats. One can try to identify this cause by ensuring that the fan of the computer is working properly.If the fan is operating properly, but the computer overheats, just take the laptop outside with you to a cooler place to see if its performance improves. A windows registry can also be responsible for the overheating of a computer. It can be one of the reasons due to which your computer randomly freezes. Make sure that you clean the registry entries of the computer, which have led to such overheating. Such registry entries could have become corrupted due to a poor software installation or an unstable program. Even a malicious virus, which has entered the PC due to Internet and be the answer to your queries on why does my computer keep freezing.If you are using a laptop, getting cooler pads can also prevent such overheating. Besides, registry cleaner software can reduce all the congestion in the registry making the windows operating system run quite fast. When it does that, the computer does not overheat. Damaged entries make it tough for a PC to work smoothly causing such problems like those that the computer freezing up. It is important to prevent such registry damage because if the CPU of the PC heats up excessively, then it can cause permanent harm to the PC. The users can also clean the dust from the CPU of a PC along with its fan through a soft brush to stop Computer freezing.

When computer and communications technologies are combined, the result is information technology. Computer Information technology has revolutionized the world making tasks simpler and convenient.

IT industry is booming world wide to its full. In India, IT companies have been spreading its tentacles to various other cities like Pune, Bangalore, and Hyderabad after establishing its foot in Delhi and Mumbai. Information technology services include data management, networking, designing, development and also the management and administration of entire systems.

The internet communications has brought the world closer. Anybody from any corner of the world can communicate through mails instantaneously by availing internet facility. Not only all the leading companies of today but also the small and medium scale industries want to have their websites so as to be visible online. This makes them visible globally anywhere at anytime, serving as a marketing tool, thereby generating revenue. IT has also helped in solving the pressing problem of unemployment by providing employment to the youth. There are lots of leading companies which offer services in the area of computer information and technology.

Sme.in, a B2B directory brings these leading global sellers and buyers online. Sellers can register themselves at sme.in and can exhibit their products here for entering the global market. Buyers need to enter computer and information technology on the SME portal search box and can get an access to computer hardware and software suppliers.

Gaining an accredited degree in computer information systems can be done by enrolling in a number of schools and colleges. Pursing a degree will allow students to enter into the workforce prepared for an exciting career. Students who are looking to obtain an education in this field have the opportunity to do so at several levels. Computer information systems degree possibilities include an associate’s, bachelors, and masters level of training.

Associate degrees in computer information systems are attainable by completing a two year educational training program. Students can prepare for their desired career by completing a variety of coursework. Curriculum will vary depending on the school or college but may include the study of:
*Data Structures
*Computer Networking
*Software Development
*Computer Program Design
*Intro to Databases
and many other courses. By studying these subjects students will have the knowledge needed to enter into a number of careers. Career possibilities can include working as a database administrator, computer scientist, systems analyst, network analyst and many other professions. By gaining an accredited associates degree in this field students will have the necessary training to pursue a bachelors degree or seek employment.

Bachelors degree training programs allow students to gain the educational training they need to pursue a career in computer information systems. With an accredited degree at this level students can pursue the career that meets their individual goals. Coursework will prepare students with the knowledge to pursue their desired career. Areas of study may include courses in database management, information technology, business communications, JAVA programming and computer operating systems. Careers at this level of education can include:
*Computer Security Specialist
*Computer Support Technician
*Data Communications Specialist
*Network Administrator
and much more. By earning an accredited bachelors degree students will have the skills needed to pursue their desired career in the field. A bachelors degree will also prepare those who wish to gain a graduate degree in computer information systems.

Accredited graduate degrees can be obtained by enrolling in a number of educational training programs. Graduate degrees are available at a masters and doctorates degree level. An accredited masters degree typically takes and additional two years of study once a bachelors degree is obtained. A doctorate degree or PhD can take an additional four years of training. Coursework will vary by level of degree and career desired. Students may have the chance to study information security, applications, networking theory, troubleshooting, system design and other relevant courses. Study at these levels will allow students to pursue the career of their dreams. Careers at a masters or doctorates level can include working as:
*Network Specialists
*Researchers
*Managers
*Teachers
and many other professions. Students can train for an exciting career by gaining an education at the graduate degree level in computer information systems.

Gain the accredited education you deserve by enrolling in an accredited program today. Accreditation provides students with proof that the best quality education will be received. Agencies like the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) are approved to fully accredit computer information systems programs and schools.

DISCLAIMER: Above is a GENERIC OUTLINE and may or may not depict precise methods, courses and/or focuses related to ANY ONE specific school(s) that may or may not be advertised at PETAP.org.

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One of the best computer home based business opportunities is freelance blogging. Here are a few tips on how to get started writing blog articles for money.1. Do not be fooled about the work required to make money blogging. It is easy to get started with, but it takes some time to build up your clientele if you are going to be writing for other Internet marketers.2. Start your own blog and use it as sample content. This is a good way to become a freelance blogger.It not only will give you practice and help you hone your skills, but you can also use the articles you write as sample content for your prospective customers to view.3. Taken online blogging course. Angela Boothe offers some excellent training on how to make money blogging. You can also hang out in discussion forums and read about how other people are making money writing.4. How to get clients? You could join a membership site such as Real Writing Jobs dot com. You can also join the Warrior Forum and post your availability there.A good blog writer is always in demand and you can fill up your daily work planner very quickly with existing customers, but that will take a little bit of time to do.5. Put an emphasis on the quality of your work. This is the last point we want to mention to you. Double check your work to make sure you are using proper grammar and you have no spelling errors.Starting a computer home based business as a freelance blogger is fun and can be very profitable once you get going.